Metabolism and Sugar Medications

A hormone used to lower blood glucose. Glucose is sugar in the bloodstream, and insulin allows that sugar to move from the blood into cells where it can be used for energy.

In diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively. When blood sugar rises too high, it can lead to dehydration, electrolyte shifts, and a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis, where acid builds up in the blood.

Insulin lowers glucose and helps reverse those dangerous metabolic changes.

A concentrated form of glucose given through an IV.

When blood sugar drops too low, a condition called hypoglycemia, the brain does not receive enough fuel. This can cause confusion, weakness, seizures, or even loss of consciousness.

Dextrose rapidly raises blood sugar and restores energy supply to the brain.

An electrolyte essential for muscle and heart function. Electrolytes are minerals in the blood that carry electrical charge and help control nerve and muscle activity.

Abnormal potassium levels can trigger dangerous heart rhythm disturbances. Too high or too low can both be life threatening.

Correcting potassium protects the heart’s electrical stability.

Calcium gluconate is used when calcium is low or when hyperkalemia, high potassium, threatens heart stability.

Calcium stabilizes the cardiac membrane, the outer layer of heart cells responsible for electrical conduction.

It protects the heart while other treatments correct the imbalance.

Sodium bicarbonate treats acidosis. Acidosis means the blood is too acidic.

It acts as a buffer, meaning it neutralizes excess acid.

It is used selectively when acid levels threaten organ function.